这句话有很多factualinformation, 可能大家不能一下判断出来主体是什么,但里面讲了一件事情:20年前Kent Anger和BarryJohnson 发现了750中有毒物质。因为是一个独立的大意,我们应该把这个作为一个点。如果写不出人名字,可以给他们一个身份,可以是scientist, 或者researcher,或者用被动语态。
笔记可以是:1. 20 yr ago, 750 poisonous chemical identified
Sentence 2:
Nobody has since then dared to update that number, it's just a guess today, there has to be more than a thousand if there was 750 twenty years ago.
这句话是关于chemical的数量的问题,但对比前后,后面的should be more than 1000 是比前面的no body update 的意思更加重要。所以第二个大意就是现在的数量多于1000。听完这句,我们可以判断到,这个录音的主题是关于‘损害大脑的有毒化学物’。
笔记可以记成: 2. now, >1000
Sentence 3:
But the problem is also that we have put too little emphasis in this type of, uh, research.
笔记:3. too little research
Sentence 4:
For example, it has taken so far the OECD 10 years to devise a battery of tests that they could recommend for systematic testing of chemicals for developmental neurotoxicity. That panel, that battery, has not yet been completed and authorized by OECD so it's taking way, way, way too long because it is complicated. But there is so much at stake.
这段话很长,但讲了一件事,就是OECD 用了10年时间来设计一个测试来检测有毒物质,但这个测试还未获得授权。这段话有很多不熟悉的单词,但同学们不需要纠结。从句式 it takes the OECD …中可以判断,OECD 是一个行为主体/动作的施动者。并且根据日常经验,字母缩写经常标示的是机构名称的,如WTO,我们可以推断到OECD是一个机构(全称是Organizationfor Economic and Cooperation Development)。另外neurotoxicity,可以根据词根toxic,或者联系主题poisonous chemical来推断出是和有毒物质有关的。
笔记:4. OECD spend 10 yrs, device test -poison chemical
Sentence 5:
Children are just losing IQ points and losing their concentration span, memory or motor functions. Sentence 6:But in the present world where there's so much emphasis on knowledge and brain functions this can also translate into dollars. Sentence 7:The EPA has calculated that every time a childloses one IQ point because of chemical pollution it costs society something like $8,000 or $10,000.
这三个句子都和IQ point 有关,但录音的关键词是‘有毒物质’。句5(孩子正损失IQ 和注意力等减弱)和句6:(知识在当今的重要性,失去IQ可以用金额量化)与主题词‘有毒物质’的联系比较间接,因此可以不写,但句7:EPA估计如果孩子因有毒物质失去一个IQ point造成 8千到1万的经济损失。直接讲到了因为有毒物质造成损失,属于直接关系,应该记下。
笔记:EPA : 5. losing 1 point – $8-10,000 loss
这个笔记记录了5个大意,用了25 个左右的单词,而且每个大意的主语,谓语和宾语都是基本齐全的。结合理解记忆和笔记,用50-70个字概括出来,就变得很容易了。对于追求79 分以上的同学,每个大意都必须要写到,而追求65分的同学,至少要写到3个以上,而且不能写的很general。
参考答案
(note1)About twenty years ago, it was estimated that thereare 750 chemicals that can affect the developing human brain,(note 2)and today there may be over 1000. (note 3) There is little emphasis on thepossible damage caused to developing children from these chemicals. (note 4) It has taken the OECD ten years to develop an index to test for developmental neurotoxicity. (note 5)Economically, each IQ point lost to chemical poisoninghas an impact of $8,000-$10,000.
另外强调一下,听力时的精神状态会很影响发挥。因为整个听力时间差不多一个小时,而题型多,可供思考的时间短,所以注意力必须从头到尾都高度集中。若做完阅读感到疲劳,建议休息10分钟再开始。同学们平时除了熟悉考试模式以外,应该多学习英文。多阅读积累背景知识。因为PTE考核的题材非常广,生物科技,历史人物,文化著作都会考到。假如没有足够的知识储备,理解题目会很吃力。 Summarize spoken text 对与原文的吻合度的要求高,若意思偏差太远,即使按要求写了语法上error free的答案来保住writing部分的分数, listening 部分也很难获得高分的。因此,扩充词汇和知识,提高note taking skill 是做好此题型的关键。
想刷出PTE成绩,就来找曼拓教育!7月课表就在下面↓,现在报名还有最后的优惠哟!!人人都在刷分,还不快下手?!
PTE 65分保分班(时间表2选1)
PTE基础班
地址:room1104, 118 king William street, adelaide